You probably haven’t heard of Lucca. That’s because it has no major tourist sites, little historical significance, and the only internationally renowned Lucchesi was an opera composer, Puccini. In spite of this – or because of it – it was my favorite city in Italy.

Dog on a bike, Lucca walls

That’s because of the people, the sense of community, the streets, and the cookies.

When we stepped on the train in Florence, we’d already spent about a week in Italy, seeing dozens of churches, museums and other culturally enriching sights. How exhausting. We were ready for a break – to sit back, relax, and people-watch for a few days. Before arriving in Italy, we hadn’t made any reservations, and variously considered Siena, Pistoia or another night in Florence before settling on Lucca. We spent two days there, on the way from Florence to Rome.

Lucca is a city of 100,000, just north of Pisa, on the western coast of Italy about an hour from Florence. It’s not a seaside town – it lies nestled between mountains that shield it from the coast – but it’s close enough to attract seagulls.

AirBnB loft

We stayed in an AirBnB in a quiet pocket near the center of town, and this was a real BnB experience. The apartment was not in somebody’s home – an employee rode a bicycle to the door and let us in. And there was a woman each morning who prepared food for us (fruit salad, cappuccino, coffee, toast, yogurt), as part of the deal staying there. We even got seconds on the cappuccinos.

On top of the walls at night

The sole distinguishing tourist feature of the city are the walls which surround it – it’s the only city with intact Renaissance walls in Italy. These separate the main city from the adjacent suburban areas; they’re roughly 30 feet tall, about 40 feet wide, formed mostly of earth embankments with all the features prescribed by state-of-the-art 16th century military science – enfilades, glacis, batteries. They’re remarkably intact, and nowadays function as a gigantic park around the city.

The area enclosed by the walls, which we never left except to get to the train station, is about 1.5 miles long and 1 mile wide. We explored this entire area during our stay: it’s really not that big and highly walkable. Cars are few and far between.

Shopping district, Lucca

We stayed Friday and Saturday night, and both nights the town grew crowded as people from the surrounding area drove to the walls, parked, and walked in for a stroll (the ‘passegiatta’). The northwestern quarter of the city is a shopping district, crammed with clothing stores, restaurants and bars, and the crowds were shoulder-to-shoulder. It might have been annoying, but was instead charming. There were lots of kids playing, most of the people were Italian, and it felt like the whole city was out and about, spending the night together. These streets were mostly clear of cars, and we walked on the streets, though occasionally everyone had to move aside so an errant driver could get past.

Piazza Napoleone

Eventually this network of streets opened up to a large courtyard, the Piazza Napoleone (Napoleon conquered the city, and liked it so much he installed his sister as the leader – the “Queen of Etruria”). The Piazza was filled with teenagers and children running around, having a good time. It was charming.

Chickpea cookies – tasted like licorice

In the center of the Piazza was a merry-go-round – these were quite popular across Italy. There were also some huge street vendor stands selling cookies and candies, including popular chickpea cookies – we grabbed a huge bag of these and ate them all in one sitting (having some fun in the process).

Duckface

While in Lucca, we visited two minor tourist attractions: the anfiteatro and the Guinigi Tower.

Anfiteatro

The anfiteatro dates back from Roman days, though the original structure is long gone. Instead, it stands as a reminder of the city’s history. Anfiteatro is Italian for amphitheater, but the area is now an open square, surrounded by small shops and restaurants, with no amphietheatre left behind. It has a unique oval shape: this is all that remains of the original Roman structure. When the building was eventually torn down, this square was left behind. Even the buildings are curved – unusual now that we’re used to seeing rectangular structures. This was right around the corner from our AirBnB, and practically deserted.

Meanwhile, the Guinigi tower is different from other Italian towers, such as those in San Gimignano. Although many of those towers are still standing, they look different than they used to: they originally had trees or gardens on top. The Guinigi tower still does, and is as close a thing as the city has to an iconic landmark. It also offers great views and solitude – not that the city proper was noisy or crowded. We spent a while on top, met a friendly Italian family who wanted to practice their English, and watched the seagulls and cats below.

Down the stairs in the Guinigi tower.

We also toured the walls. We rented bikes (pretty cheap – the guy who rented them out was easy-going). We did a bit of riding, but the top of the walls were so crowded in the weekend afternoon that it was nerve-wracking to ride anywhere. We mostly ended up walking, and should have gone for a ride earlier in the day. Next time!

Fancy wine magazine

Overall, Lucca was charming, super-quiet (except for shopping), and a great intermission between two overwhelming cities. Thus, for our vacation it was my favorite city in Italy, and the one where I’d most like to live.

When we booked our rooms for Florence, way back in October, we made the classic beginner’s mistake of misreading the dates and booking one night too few. Thankfully, we realized this early on, so it didn’t catch us by surprise. We’d put an unscheduled day between Florence and Rome, at some undecided location (so as not to plan out every single day of the trip – we could go somewhere that caught our fancy). Now we had two nights to play with.

Personally I was pretty happy about this – I didn’t get much sleep in Florence next to the highway in our noisy room. And I think we’d both agree that it worked out well, because Lucca turned out to be our favorite city in Italy.

Our noisy room

Before we headed there, though, we had a half day left in Florence. What to do? How about two churches and a museum? And getting a nice view of the city?

Leaving our apartment, we headed east, towards the tourist district, but we stayed on the south side of the Arno, away from the crowds. It was cool, with mist so thick it felt like rain, and it took until midday for the mist to rise, so we hiked up the hill to Piazzale Michelangelo in the fog. The steps were steep and took us through a small, charming park. This was favorite area of the city – the far southeast corner. It almost felt suburban, or maybe like the hills of San Francisco.

Piazzale Michelangelo

The Piazza is renowned for its view, but the weather shrouded much of the city’s charm. If we stayed another day, this would have been a great place to take in the sunset. The Piazza commemorates Michelangelo, and is dominated by another replica of the David, this time in bronze. This was the second full-size replica of the David we’d seen – and that’s not to mention the vendors with hundreds of tiny David tchotchkes.

Santa Croce cloisters

Heading back down to city-level, we crossed over the river and visited Santa Croce. This large, but relatively nondescript church is known as the burial place of Michelangelo, Machiavelli, and Galileo (at least, most of him). It also abuts the Pazzi Chapel. This chapel is reputed to be the most pure work of Renaissance architecture, as it was unaltered by later architects.

Machiavelli’s tomb

To be frank, we were a bit ‘churched-out’ at this point. The Pazzi Chapel, for instance, is nice enough, but it feels like one of those milestone works of art that inspired hundreds of imitators – so it’s difficult for the layman to understand it’s beauty and originality. At least, that was my impression. It felt a bit like the monuments in DC, or maybe the interior of Grant’s tomb. The chapel, church and adjacent walls enclosed a peaceful cloister area that was my favorite part of the church complex.

This was impressive, but I really don’t what it is!

Deciding to take a break from all the artwork we’d seen, we instead decided our next museum would be devoted to scientific instruments: the Galileo museum. If you like brass and chrome, this is the museum for you, because just about everything was shiny brass or silver. I think it would be paradise for the dedicated historian of science. As it was, it was pretty difficult to understand the functionality of 18th-century scientific instruments. But the museum is still notable for a few things.

Galileo’s telescopes!

To start with, I really enjoyed taking a close-up look at the Fra Mauro map – we’d seen the original in Venice. There were also some incredible globes, of both the earth and the sky. But my favorite was seeing Galileo’s actual telescopes: the very telescopes used to observe sunspots and Jupiter. This was an amazing treat. After all, the observation of sunspots was a huge change in how the universe was pictured – the sun was hardly some pure object anymore. Not to mention that Galileo’s work on sunspots influence even how we think about effectively conveying information. And then, of course, there’s seeing Jupiter for the first time!

There were also two copies of Galileo’s books: Recens Habitae and Le Operazioni del Compasso Geometrico et Militare. But that’s not all.

Makes me feel queasy, but I can’t put my finger on why…

You see, after Galileo died, they didn’t know what to do with his body. He was a heretic, after all. It was buried initially in a small Medici chapel in Santa Croce (the same church we’d just visited). One hundred years later, his body was reburied in the main basilica of Santa Croce… but during the move, three fingers and a tooth were removed, put in jars, and preserved. And now you can see them in the Museo Galileo.

Donatello’s St George (replica) outside Orsanmichele

Our final visit of the day, before heading to Lucca, was the Orsanmichele church, right near the main squares (we also took a final look at some of the big sights in good daylight). This church is surrounded by statues of the great saints, done by famous Renaissance artists such as Donatello or Ghiberti. And nearby are the Duomo and other Renaissance architectural marvels. But step inside, and you’re transported back into the middle ages: a small, dark room, with a huge altarpiece. This church, which is two stories, started out as a grain storage facility and market. Embedded in the columns, you can still see chutes that delivered grain from above.

I really liked this church, small though it was. It felt more authentic, and more sacred somehow, than many of the larger cathedrals and basilicas that we’d visited.

Now, finally exhausted and just about fed up with churches, we turned to the unknown: Lucca.

Our stay in Florence was interrupted by a full-day tour in Tuscany. This was one of three tours we took (the other two were 2-3 hour tours of the Colosseum and Vatican Catacombs). The day would be packed – in the end, a bit too packed – and the agenda included Siena, San Gimignano, a wine tasting & lunch, and a visit to Pisa. While none of these places were far from each other, about half the day was spent on the bus.

Tuscan countryside near San Gimignano

The tour started with some bad luck: this was a relatively rainy day, drizzling off and on for the duration. Luckily, we weren’t hit with too much rain while outside (the worst of it was in Pisa at night, and even then it didn’t pour).

Downtown Siena

Our first stop was Siena. Most famous as a color (Burnt Sienna), Siena is a small medieval town known for its hilly streets and the Piazza del Campo. Recently, it’s become more of a tourist location, but it still retains some of its charm. We got a tour from a local guide, saw the world’s oldest bank, and stopped by the Piazza. This square, smaller than pictures would make it seem, is filled with crowds twice a year. The borders are covered with sand, stands are built, and each district of the city is represented by a horse and rider. The horses are chosen by lottery, so the results tend to be relatively random. The districts are represented by rabbits, lions, geese, and other animals, and the race can be total chaos.

We didn’t get to see a race, which was a shame. But, if we return to Italy in the future, Siena is somewhere I’d love to spend more time.

Siena Cathedral (outside)

For me the highlight of the visit was the Siena Cathedral. There was a religious service going on that day, but we were allowed in on the condition that we didn’t talk or take photos. I would say this was my favorite cathedral in all of Italy – it was so distinctive. Most notably for the amazing mosaics that cover its floors.

The interior of the cathedral is also done in the Pisan style, with striking black-and-white patterned columns and walls. I wish we could have spent more time inside – and also taken photos! After this, our tour ended and we took a brief walk around the city on our own. Although touristy, this was the off-season, and even a block from the main attractions, stores were filled with locals.

Wine

Overall we really enjoyed the city (it was my third-favorite in Italy), but we had to move on to the next destination, a winery. This winery served organic, locally-grown food alongside the wine, and was located in the countryside near San Gimignano. The wine – 4 bottles – was given to groups of 4 people. We shared ours with two tourists from Vancouver, Canada. It was all-you-could drink, and we drank a lot… I think the food was pretty good, too. But I don’t remember too much!

San Gimignano, from the winery

San Gimignano was the next stop, and I was definitely still enjoying the wine… San Gimignano is one of the few hill-towns in Tuscany that retains its towers. These hill-towns were numerous during the middle ages and renaissance, and each town was filled with towers used by feuding nobles. Although the towers remain, the rest of the town has been utterly commercialized. It really is a small town (7k people), and just about all the shops sell tourist trinkets and memorabilia. I don’t think there’s any culture left.

Gelateria Dandoli… “world’s best?”

About the most interesting thing we saw here, from a nice vantage point over Tuscany (we were on a hill, after all), was a guy playing didgeroo in the rain, in the nearby park.

The Michelle Obama-inspired gelato

San Gimignano is also home to what is reputed to be the “world’s best gelato.” It has some legitimacy, because the owner of the shop won a World Cup of Gelato with the Italian national team. But then, I’d assume Italians would win such a cup – wouldn’t you? And I think the other Italians who participated would also own shops, so who can say which is best? Nonetheless, it was good stuff. The Obamas had visited the town earlier in the year, and they’d created a flavor specially for Michelle Obama, which Alex ordered and enjoyed (I think it was hazelnut orange). It was her favorite gelato on the trip.

Obligatory leaning tower photo

The final stop of the day was in Pisa. It was really raining now, and we wandered around the leaning tower, which sits in a big field of other monuments, and took a small ‘train’ tour of the city. We didn’t get a good view, but it’s mostly a university town and wasn’t super-exciting for us. Nice to say we’ve been, but I think the 2 hours were enough.

Our train engine for the ride around Pisa

Overall I enjoyed the tour, and the highlights were Siena and the wine – but I probably would have enjoyed spending 2 days in Siena and skipping the rest. Given our tight schedule, however, it was a good options, we met some nice people, and had some good tour guides.

Florentine market

Finally, we returned to the Florence train station. There was a farmers/craft market going on, and we sampled some snacks, but mostly we were full and tired (the lack of sleep in our noisy apartment was catching up to us – or me at least), so we returned to our apartment for the last night in Florence. On the following day we’d head to Lucca, my favorite city of the trip.

Chalk art in central Florence

We’d seen Florence at night, but there was so much to see in the city during the daytime. Among them, the Uffizi Gallery, the Bargello, the Palazzo Vecchio, Pitti Palace, Duomo, and dozens of smaller churches and museums. We had to balance this against our ever-present adversary: museum fatigue. In a given day, there’s only so many museums and cathedrals you can tolerate. And in a given week or month, you can only tolerate a bit more. So, we wanted to choose museums that represented the diversity of Italy, and which had little overlap with one another.

Model of Florence in the Uffizi

Thus, we chose to visit the Uffizi Gallery – one of the great collections of paintings in the world – and the Duomo, one of the brilliant architectural achievements of the Renaissance and a building that set the pattern for all domes that would follow – it’s still the largest masonry dome in the world.

Ponte Vecchio, as seen from the Uffizi windows. Note Vasari’s corridor in the foreground.

We started our day walking along the Arno towards the old city, passing along the Ponte Vecchio in the meantime. The Uffizi Gallery is sandwiched between all the other major buildings, and overshadowed by the Palazzo Vecchio. We arrived early, worried that there might be a crowd. But, there wasn’t even a line to get in. In fact, you can purchase tickets in advance, for a small surcharge, to avoid lines. But, on this day, the line for online tickets was longer than that for buying in person. Crisis averted!

Corridors in the Uffizi. Look at those ceilings!

The Uffizi is really overwhelming, and it specializes in paintings, containing Botticellis, da Vincis, Michelangelos, Rembrandts, and much more besides. I won’t enumerate everything, but point out some highlights (from my perspective).

Botticelli room

First, the Botticelli room, which contains mostly Botticellis – most notably the Birth of Venus and the Primavera. They occupy two adjacent walls, and are each 10 feet long. And yet, the room they’re in is quite overwhelming.

Actually, my favorite Botticelli was the Annunciation. Nearby is another painting with the same subject, this time by da Vinci (I liked the da Vinci, with its cool colors and detached emotion, better. Also for the remote fairytale city in the background).

It was also nice to get an up-close look at Michelangelo’s Doni Tondo, a painting in the same style as the Sistine Chapel. There were also some horrifying mannerist paintings by Rosso Fiorentino, a possibly insane Florentine artist who kept a baboon and lived in a tower (his assistants sent baskets of food up to him). There’s also one panel of the Battle of San Romano tryptich by Paulo Uccello, and a Rembrandt self-portrait.

Palazzo Vecchio, from the outdoor cafe in the Uffizi

The Uffizi has a relatively cheap cafe (at least, if you’re only ordering espressos), and a great view of the neighboring Palazzo Vecchio. We relaxed outside, enjoying the nice weather, and fed the docile finches crumbs of cookie from our hands. After continuing to wander through the museum, we walked 10 minutes through the old town to the Duomo. Our goal was to climb both the belltower and the Duomo itself before they closed for the evening. A nice sunset would be a plus…

The Duomo, as seen from the Campanile

The Duomo is the most famous feature of Florence (besides David, perhaps). Begun in 1296, it stood incomplete for 125 years, because it was so large that nobody knew how to construct the dome. That was a task left for the architect Brunelleschi, who won the appointment through a clever ruse. Around 1420, the local church was looking to complete the cathedral dome, and had a competition among the many (brilliant) Florentine architects. When they couldn’t reach a decision, Brunelleschi proposed the following: that whoever could stand an egg on end would be awarded the prize. All the other architects attempted this challenge, but none succeeded. Then Brunelleschi took the egg, smashed the end, and stood it upright, thus claiming the prize.

Looking at the frescoes inside the Duomo

The dome itself has a clever design, two layers thick, and you can take stairs to the very top. There’s also an adjacent campanile (belltower), designed by the architect Giotto. This campanile is so narrow, and so high (277 feet) that I felt waves of acrophobia near the top. So, we didn’t spend much time enjoying the view, and went back downstairs to the Duomo itself.

Sunset from the Duomo

What can I say? The view is spectacular, and we had a wonderful sunset, and you pass right under a vast (40,000 square foot) fresco by Georgio Vasari on the way up (this fresco took 11 years to complete). It was wonderful to see the sky turn from pale blue to pink to orange, to red, each color more unbelievable than the last.

Pizza and beer!

Leaving the Duomo, we retraced our steps and crossed the river, out of the main tourist zone, to find a non-touristy restaurant. We hadn’t had a lot of pizza so far (Venice is not known as a good pizza town) and one suggested itself: “Pizza & Beer,” which served local craft beer, wine, and artisan pizza. I had a delicious chocolate stout, and we split two amazing pizzas: ricotta with pumpkin, and buffalo mozzarella. This was my second-favorite pizza place in Italy (my favorite was in Rome).

Then we went back to our apartment, because we’d have to get up very early the next day for an extensive tour of Tuscany featuring: wine, towers, horse races, more wine, and (maybe) the best gelato in the world.

Florence was something both Alex and I anticipated visiting. After all, it’s one of the major art capitals of the world, the home of the Italian Renaissance, and probably the second city of Italy (at least in terms of international renown). It’s also situated in the heart of Tuscany, a region renowned for its beautiful landscape, wine and food.

“Life is Art” – near the Pitti Palace

We arrived in Florence in the evening, after a train trip from Venice. It was dark out, and we passed by large churches and street vendors as we hurried to our AirBnB. The central ‘old’ city forms a rough square, with the train station in the upper left corner, and the Pitti Palace in the lower right. The main sights and museums are in the center, and our AirBnB in the lower left. the bottom third of the square is separated by the River Arno, which also forms the most famous tourist photo-op: the Ponte Vecchio.

Arriving in Florence was a huge shock compared to Venice, for Florence has cars and Venice has none. We were exposed to true Italian traffic: loud mopeds and motorcycles, aggressive drivers. I live in New Jersey, right next to New York City; I’ve traveled extensively around the US – hardly a laid-back country. But nothing here compares to Italian traffic. We hurried across the river and along the bank to arrive at our AirBnB, where we were shown to our room. It was comfortable and commodious, but there was a problem: we were located along a major thoroughfare – not one for pedestrians, but one that was used by mopeds all night. We could hear traffic, and I wasn’t able to sleep well for the duration of the stay. But, that’s always a risk when you travel.

Bizarre “jeans” condom style featured in condom vending machine (!)

Florence has a reputation among those who have visited it as an impersonal city, with relatively dull architecture, and I found all this to be true. It’s as if the artistic treasures are hidden inside dirty gray wrappers. All this combined to give me a feeling of melancholy and homesickness as we arrived.

Trattoria Napoleone

After our check-in, we headed out to grab dinner. As usual, we were ahead of schedule, heading to dinner at 7:00 when many restaurants hadn’t even opened. Following our AirBnB host’s directions, we headed towards a recommended square, where we found a restaurant that looked good. As if to emphasize the difference from Venice, many of the squares here, on the southern side of the Arno, were filled with cars – more parking lots than anything else.

Truffle Gnocchi!

Luckily, our restaurant, Trattoria Napoleone, which was comparatively upscale, had a surprise for us: an entire menu devoted to truffles. I ordered truffle gnocchi and Alex had truffle ravioli, all with a side of red wine. My gnocchi arrived with huge truffle flakes on top. Of course, it was delicious.

Some sort of race near Ponte Vecchio

Suitably refreshed, we headed out to reconnoiter the town. Our first destination was the Ponte Vecchio, which would lead us to the Palazzo Vecchio and other major sights. The Ponte Vecchio is rather interesting: originally a bridge crowded with merchant booths, it connected the dense old city with the more open spaces to the south. During the Renaissance, the Medicis, who left their prints across Florence, hired a now-famous architect, Georgio Vasari, to connect the old town with the new. Their was one unusual requirement: the connection had to protect the Medici rulers from assassins and observaton. Hence, the Vasari Corridor: an elevated walkway that led from the Palazzo Vecchio, above the merchant shops of the Ponte Vecchio, to the Pitti Palace across the Arno. Today, Vasari is mostly known as a biographer of Renaissance artists, and his own work (both painting and architecture) is not highly regarded.

David Reproduction

We took a look at the Ponte Vecchio, and then headed in the rough direction of the main city square. Here, too, I had little conception of the space of the area. I knew, of course, that there were all these buildings: the Palazzo Vecchio, the Uffizi Gallery, the Ponte Vecchio, the Duomo, in some cramped area, but it was difficult to visualize how densely packed they actually were: we turned a corner, and there, framed by the twin arms of the Uffizi Gallery was the Palazzo Vecchio. Around the corner, a huge awning with a great many famous sculptures, free of charge. Framing the entrance to the Palazzo, a full-scale reproduction of the statue of David.

Piazza della Repubblica, between the Duomo and the Uffizi

We spent a while in this area. The statue of David is really remarkable, but it’s difficult to separate the hype from the statue itself: how much of the awe I felt was attributable to what I’d read and seen of this statue before? Here, too, we only saw a reproduction. And in the end, we opted to avoid the crowds and never saw the original (this was a reasonable trade-off for me, and Alex felt similarly).

The Duomo, from the front

Next, we headed north, past more squares, towards the famous Duomo. You frequently see photos of the outside of the Duomo, but they uniformly feature the dome itself, or the tower, and the brick-red rooftops of Florence at sunset. The actual outside of the cathedral is quite striking in itself – particularly if you’re as unprepared for it as I was. The white, pink and green stripes are bold, and frankly a little ugly.

By this point, it was getting quite late, so we headed back to sleep at our noisy AirBnB, to try to rest for the full day of museums and cathedrals that was ahead.

Inside the Basilica San Marco, compare with and without lighting

We were leaving Venice in the afternoon of November 19, but before we left, there was still a lot to see. On the agenda for the day was another visit to Basilica San Marco, the Frari Church, and another ramble through twisted Venetian streets.

View from ferry station. Sure is nicer than the subway.

We’d visited the Basilica briefly for a quick tour. But frankly, it’s tough to get a feel for these large buildings. Of course, you can appreciate the scale and the artwork, or just contemplate the space. But on the other hand, they can feel impersonal. So, we decided to return with an audioguide. We used Rick Steves. I remember watching Rick Steves on PBS as a kid, and enjoying his travel shows. Hardly extreme, and Rick seems perfectly tailored to appeal to middle-aged women. But he’s also smart and a diligent guide, and can have a cheesy sense of humor. We’d use him for other tours as well.

Medieval sheet music

We also wanted to check out the Basilica’s museum. Among other things, the museum shows artifacts associated with the museum, provides a great view of the Basilica and the Piazza, and has some very special horses. After heading up some steep stairs, the museum opens up and looks over the main nave of the church. This area was the only area, until recently, where women were allowed to sit for services. We made our way around the upper corridors, which ring the building. It’s very interesting to get an up-close view of all the mosaic tiles – much more impressive than from the ground; it was easier to appreciate the scale. The museum also shows tapestries, books and samples of sheet music (as well as a few incongruous modern art pieces).

Far and away the highlight, for me, was the set of four gorgeous bronze horses. These horses are of unknown origin. They probably date from around 300 BC, but nobody knows for sure. For a long time they stood above the Hippodrome in Constantinople. When the Venetians sacked the city in 1204, they carried them off and put them on top the Basilica, where they remained for almost 600 years. Then Napoleon briefly brought them to Paris, where they were used to design the Arc de Triomphe. After Waterloo, they were returned to Venice. Now they reside in the museum (replicas are outside).

If you’ll excuse the digression, the horses spur a romantic or nostalgic feeling in me. They’re real treasures, but even more beautiful than their physical appearance is what they represent. When the Venetians sacked Constantinople in 1204, they didn’t do it along: they were accompanied by Franks. The Venetians stole jewels and beautiful artistic works. The Franks destroyed things and melted them down. Constantinople, before the sack, was the jewel of the world, notably beautiful, cosmopolitan and splendid. Afterwards, its treasuries empty, its slow decline accelerated. Unable to pay for its wars or defense, it rapidly collapsed into a single nigh-impregnable city before finally being conquered by the Ottomans in 1453.

Looking at the horses, I felt a connection with the vast disappeared riches of antiquity. When these cosmopolitan cities were conquered, their treasures were destroyed or looted, and with them, an irretrievable part of western culture. So it was with Constantinople, and so it was with Alexandria, Knossos, Carthage and Rome itself. Now we only see scattered fragments.

After the horses, we went out to the balcony for a great view of Piazza San Marco and the Doge’s Palace next door.

Library in the Correr Museum

Along another side of the Piazza was the Correr museum. This gallery is filled with Venetian artwork and artifacts, as well as fairly large collection of Roman artifacts.

Fra Mauro Map

One notable work here was the famous Fra Mauro map. This map, created in 1450 by the monk Fra Mauro, contains the total geographic knowledge of Europeans at the time. The perspective is peculiar, but Italy is plainly visible, as well as Africa, Saudi Arabia, and the rest of Eurasia. It gets increasingly distorted the further you get from Europe. The best part of this map is the tiny annotations and descriptions of each area. The map itself is large, probably about 7 feet by 7 feet, and it dominates the room in which it stands. We’d actually get a closer look at a replica a few days later in Florence. And after the trip, I received a copy of the map as a gift, so I can also see it on the wall of my apartment!

Why hello there.

We ended up doing a pretty quick run through the Correr, being a bit museumed out by this point. Then we took a ferry across the grand canal to make a stop at the Frari Church on the way to the train station. This was actually one of my favorite churches in Italy. The architecture is nice, but there’s a lot of miscellany around the church that’s interesting. Of particular interest are the tombs of Titian, the famous painter, and Canova, the great sculptor. In fact, Canova’s tomb is quite peculiar. The tomb, a huge pyramid, is more laudatory than evena normal tomb, and it was designed by Canova himself – but for Titian (for whom it was never used). After Canova died, his disciples used the design for his own tomb. But here’s the thing: his body isn’t even buried in the tomb. His heart was removed and placed in an urn inside; it’s the only thing in the enormous edifice (his body is buried in his hometown). I wasn’t allowed to take pictures in the church, unfortunately.

Separated at birth?

After the Frari Church, we stopped nearby to get some really excellent gelato. Given that the church is a well-known tourist site, the gelato was awful cheap (~2.50 EUR).

Train Station, with Fascist overtones

We did some more wandering before ending up at the train station. We rested on the other side of the canal, before heading in to grab tickets to Florence.

We spent most of our second day near the Piazza San Marco. This is the tourist center of Venice – in fact, it has all the really notable landmarks. These are: St Mark’s Basilica, the Doge’s Palace, the Correr Museum, and the Campanile (belltower).

The first stop was the Basilica. The entire entrance was still flooded after the previous night, so we had to enter via the elevated walkways. The entire inside of the basilica is coated in gold leaf and mosaics of biblical scenes. Venice had heavy interaction with Constantinople (they sacked the city and stole all the artwork during the fourth crusade), and as a result the decoration feels decidedly more Byzantine than Catholic. St Mark’s is also remarkably old: it was built starting around 1073, and has been mostly unchanged for almost a millenium. It feels old – much more ancient than, for instance, the cathedral in Milan, which had a purely medieval feel.

Outside the Basilica

The basilica holds the remains of a saint (like any basilica). In this case, the remains of St Mark, for which it’s named. At least, it’s reputed to hold the bones of St Mark. They were recovered from Alexandria by Venetian merchants, who hid them in pork barrels to prevent the Muslim rulers from finding them. Then they were misplaced, and conveniently recovered – now a thousand years old – by a doge of Venice. There’s at least one theory that the bones are those of Alexander the Great. The most you can say for sure is that someone is buried in St Mark’s.

We just did a walkthrough of the Baslicia (we’d return the following day). Partway through they turned on the lights, and wow! what a difference. With lights, the Basilica glowed and shimmered. But, I don’t know which look was more authentic. Would the basilica have looked that bright 800 years ago? Hard to say for sure.

Giant’s Staircase, Doge’s Palace

Adjoining the basilica is the Doge’s Palace (in fact, the doge had a private entrance into the basilica). All the tour books had recommended visiting this building, but from the outside it was hard to see why. A pretty-enough building, with the usual Byzantine flair, it looks bureaucratic and rather dull from the outside.

San Marco from the Doge’s Palace

That all changes inside. There’s a pretty courtyard, with a stunning marble staircase (the “Giant’s Staircase”). On the second floor surrounding the courtyard was a temporary open-air Le Corbusier exhibit. The only thing I know of Le Corbusier is that he bound a copy of his favorite book (Don Quixote) with the skin of his favorite dog. So sentimental. There was a also a nice view of St Mark’s Square and the Campanile.

Map Room

The next part of the palace is the doge’s apartment. It’s extensive, and I suppose that was a necessity, because the doge could only leave the palace with the express permission of the Venetian senate. There were some nice paintings but my favorite part was the enormous map-room, covered with huge, detailed maps of the entire known world. Not to mention some great globes.

This was all well and good, but the next few rooms were increasingly memorable. These were the ‘Institutional Chambers,’ the rooms where the city’s politicians met and deliberated. It’s worth remembering that Venice was the dominant merchant power in Europe for roughly 300 years, from the time of the fourth crusade (1200) through the discovery of the Americas and Vasco da Gama’s sea-route from Portugal to India (which eliminated Venice’s monopoly on the spice trade and at a stroke turned the city into a second-class citizen). In all, Venice was a player in European politics from the twelve century through 1797, when it was conquered by Napoleon.

Senate Room

The doge’s palace is carefully partitioned so that visitors are led through increasingly large and ornate rooms – rooms whose walls are covered in world-class paintings, and whose ceilings are encrusted with enormous gold coils and frames and more paintings. It’s really astonishing. My two favorite rooms were the Sala del Senato, the senate room – this is the first really large room you see. But it feels positively tiny a few rooms later when you enter the Chamber of the Great Council.

Great Chamber. the tiny figure in the middle is Alex.

The Chamber of the Great Council is 25 meters across, and 53 meters long. It feels much larger. For centuries, it was the largest room in Europe. The walls are decorated with paintings by Bellini, Titian and Tintoretto (to name a few). The ceiling is ornate. We spent 15 minutes in this room, trying to come to terms with its size. The wall behind the doge’s seat is covered with the largest canvas painting in the world, Tintorretto’s Il Paradiso Photographs simply don’t do this room justice.

Doge’s Dungeon

After this, we walked through the Bridge of Sighs – where criminals were led to the prisons after sentencing, and sighed at beauty of their last look at Venice (or so they say). And then the prisons, which were rather conventional, but cool and moist. I wouldn’t want to spend much time there.

St Zeno’s, on the way to San Giorgio Maggiore

After the Doge’s Palace – we finished the tour at 3pm – we grabbed a lunch nearby (not great, very touristy), and regrouped at our apartment. Then we headed out to visit San Giorgio Maggiore. This island is a 3-minute ride from the main city, and has a beautiful view. By now, it was dark, so we could see all the lights of the city’s churches, cafes, restaurants and hotels. We had a huge church to ourself, and walked around the island a bit before heading back. Next we walked east outside the tourist area to the more residential districts, and the small, secluded San Pietro island.

From the ferry to San Giorgio

We took the ferry boats around a bit and accidentally visited the outer islands (whoops), before returning. On the way back to our apartment, we got a bit lost. But on the plus side, I got to try fernet for the first time (yuck), and Alex got to try meringue cookies (which I love). We also got some gelato before returning to the apartment to rest up for the next day, where we’d revisit some of the major sites before heading to Florence.

Isola San Pietro